Abamectin(Avermectin)

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【Raw materials】
Comply with company’s standard or with Customer’s Demands.
【Synonym】: Avermectin b1
【Chemical Formula】:
B1a:C48H72O14(R=C2H3), B1b:C47H70O14(R=CH3)
【Molecular Weight】: Bla:872 Blb=858
【Description】:
Abamectin is a kind of White or yellowish crystal. The melting point: 157—160oC.
[α]（CHCL3）=+55.7
UV: λmax=244+2nm， also absorbance at 237,245,254nm
Abamectin is sassily soluble in toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, ethanol etc. slightly soluble in hexane and petroleum ether. Solubility in water is very low (10μg/L)
【Usage】:
Abamectin is an antibiotic agent which is active against nematodes , insects, mites etc. injection and tablet made from this product are indicated for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes,
Hyproderma bovis, Hyproderma lineatum,sheep nose bot, Psoroptes ovis, Sarcoptcs scabiei Var suis, Sarcoptes ovis etc.
【Storage】:
Abamectin should be Sealed tightly and stored away from light in a cool and dry place.
【Valid】: 2 years
INFORMATION AOUT ABAMECTIN:

PESTICIDE PROFILE:
AVERMECTIN/ ABAMECTIN/ IVERMECTIN

The three names are used to describe the same class of compounds, including Avermectin B1a, Avermectin B1b, Ivermectin, and Abamectin. For simplicity, we will call it Avermectin here.

Introduction: Avermectins are insecticidal/ miticidal compounds derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis originally discovered in Japan. Avermectin is a natural fermentation product of this bacterium. The compound is classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as Class IV Toxicity, or practically non-toxic. The compound has been fully evaluated by EPA for its effects on human health or the environment.

Use and Mode of Action: The compounds act as an insecticide by interfering with the nervous system of the insect. This nervous system effect causes the insect to become paralyzed. Avermectin is used to control insect and mite pests of ornamental plants in greenhouses, such as spider mites and leafminers (Avid brand miticide). It is formulated into an enclosed capsule system for tree injections (Mauget brand Abacide) for control of mites and leafminers of ornamental trees, including the birch leafminer. It is a very common veterinarian medicine for treatment of internal and external parasites and mites of pets and livestock, including scabies. It is formulated into several commercial baits for control of cockroaches (Avert brand cockroach bait) and ants, including an effective formulation for the control of carpenter ants (Advance brand carpenter ant bait). Avermectin is widely prescribed by medical practitioners world-wide to treat parasitic infestations in humans.

Toxicity: Avermectin is highly toxic to insects and mites; however it has very low mammalian toxicity. When tested on rats toxic doses in excess of 5 grams/kilogram of body weight were required to kill 50% of the tested animals (LD50). Emulsifiable concentrate formulations used in greenhouses may cause slight to moderate eye irritation and mild skin irritation. At very high doses, it can affect mammals, causing symptoms of nervous system depression such as incoordination, tremors, lethargy, excitation, and pupil dilation. Avermectin is not readily absorbed through skin. Tests with monkeys show that less than 1% of dermally applied abamectin was absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin. Avermectin is rapidly degraded in the environment through photdegradation and adsorption to sediments.

Ecological Effects: Avermectin is relatively non-toxic to birds. Avermectin is highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates, therefore care should be taken to avoid contaminating waterways in Alaska, however it is practically insoluble in water making it unlikely to be carried in run-off. Avermectin does not accumulate or persist in fish exposed to low concentrations in water. Avermectin is highly toxic to bees, therefore its use should be limited to screened greenhouses and structural pest bait formulations in Alaska. Earthworms will not be adversely affected by use of avermectin at recommended application rates. Veterinarian formulations for the treatment of parasites and mites afflicting livestock and pets should be administered by a licensed veterinarian or under the direction of a licensed veterinarian. Because avermectin is nearly insoluble in water and has a strong tendency to bind to soil particles, it is therefore immobile in soil and unlikely to leach or contaminate groundwater. Avermectin is rapidly degraded in water. Plants do not absorb abamectin from the soil.

Safety: Workers handling avermectin should wear goggles to prevent eye contact and protective clothing to prevent prolonged skin contact. Do not allow children or pets to contact treated surfaces or baits.